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《长安大学学报（社科版）》[ISSN:1671-6248/CN:61-1391/C]

卷:

第20卷

期数:

2018年02期

页码:

83-92

栏目:

社会学

出版日期:

2018-05-31

文章信息/Info

Title:

Structure change of rural population and employment choice in China

作者:

彭小辉; 史清华

1.南京师范大学商学院,江苏南京210023;2.上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院,上海200030

Author(s):

PENG Xiao-hui1; SHI Qing-hua2

1.School of Business，Nanjing Nornal University，Nanjing 210023，Jiangsu，China2.Antai School of Economics and Management，Shanghai Jiaotong University，Shanghai 200030，China

关键词:

人口结构; 老龄化; 女性化; 新农村建设; 户籍制度改革; 计划生育

Keywords:

population structure;  aging;  feminization;  new rural construction; the reform of household registration system;  family planning

分类号:

F323

DOI:

-

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

为研究中国农村人口结构变迁规律，基于2003～2012年全国农村固定观察点农户跟踪调查数据，以山西10个村的样本为例考察了近10年来农村人口结构变化趋势和轨迹。研究发现，农村人口10年来平均年龄增长了4.3岁，而农业劳动力平均年龄增长5.6岁从性别和在家居住时间看，46岁及以上女性和61岁及以上的老年人是农村生产生活的主力军从工作时间和就业方向选择看，尽管农村劳动力仍以家庭农业经营为主，但外出就业和受雇用已成为农村劳动力实现充分就业的主要手段从文化程度和健康状况看，滞留在农村的农业人口质量较差。研究认为，随着农村青壮年劳动力的外流，中国农村人口结构和就业结构已发生巨大变迁，农村人口“老龄化”和“空心化”、农业“女性化”和“老年化”特征突显，这些问题将深刻影响中国未来社会经济发展人口老龄化问题的重中之重是农村人口“老龄化”及养老问题，新农村建设与户籍制度改革应同步推进，农业现代化建设需要关注农业生产的“老年化”和“女性化”特征，以及关注计划生育政策调整与经济增长可持续性的关系。

Abstract:

:In order to grasp the changing law of rural population structure in China，based on the survey data of national rural households in fixed observation point from 2003 to 2012, the sample of 10 villages in Shanxi province was used as an example to examine the trends and trajectories of rural population structure in recent 10 years.The study finds that the average age of the rural population increases by 4.3 years，while the average age of the agricultural labor force increases by 5.6 years.According to gender and living time at home, the females of 46 years and above as well as the elderly of 61 years and over are the main force of production and living in rural village. From the perspective of work hours and employment selection，although the rural labor force is dominated by the household’s farming, migrating employment and employment have become the main means of achieving full employment of rural labor force.In terms of education level and health status，the quality of agricultural population that is remained in countryside is poor. The results show that the structure of rural population and employment structure in China have undergone tremendous changes with the outflow of rural labor in young adults.The characteristics of “aging” and “hollowing out” of rural population and “feminization” and “aging” of agriculture are prominent, which will have a profound impact on the social and economic development of China in the future. The most important issue of population aging is the “aging” of the rural population and annuity problem,the reform of the new rural construction and the reform of household registration system should be promoted simultaneously,and the agricultural modernization needs to pay attention to the “aging” and “feminization” of agricultural production, as well as focusing on the relationship between the adjustment of family planning policies and the sustainability of economic growth.

参考文献/References:

-

相似文献/References:

[1]任保平,豆渊博.改善人口结构促进高质量发展的理论逻辑与政策选择[J].长安大学学报(社科版),2021,23(04):77.
　REN Baoping,DOU Yuanbo.Theoretical logic and policy choice of improving population structure and promoting high quality development[J].Journal of Chang＇an University(Social Science Edition),2021,23(02):77.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

国家社会科学基金项目（14CJY082）;国家自然科学基金项目（71773076，71473165，71673186）;江苏高校哲学社会科学重点项目（2017ZDIXM106）

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更新日期/Last Update: 2018-05-31