|本期目录/Table of Contents|

[1]董金裕.“三不朽”的关联及其属性探究[J].长安大学学报(社科版),2017,19(03):8-14.
　DONG Jin-yu. The interconnection of “three immortality” and its attribute[J].Journal of Chang＇an University(Social Science Edition),2017,19(03):8-14.
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《长安大学学报（社科版）》[ISSN:1671-6248/CN:61-1391/C]

卷:
第19卷
期数:
2017年03期
页码:
8-14
栏目:
长安学
出版日期:
2017-05-15

文章信息/Info

Title:
 The interconnection of “three immortality” and its attribute
文章编号:
1671-6248(2017)03-0008-07
作者:
董金裕
 台湾政治大学 中文系
Author(s):
 DONG Jin-yu
 Department of Chinese literature,National Chengchi University
关键词:
 ; 立德; 立功; 立言; 《左传》; 孔颖达; 钱穆; 人文精神
Keywords:
 ; Li De (achieving morality);  Li Gong (making contributions);  Li Yan (making insights);  Zuo Zhuan;  KONG Yingda;  QIAN Mu;  humanistic spirit
分类号:
B82
DOI:
-
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
春秋时代穆叔（叔孙豹）提出立德、立功、立言的“三不朽”之说，但并未对此作进一步的解说，尤其三者的主次、属性等均是长期以来存在的问题，通过文献分析和比较论证对三者的意涵界定和关联进行研究。研究认为，穆叔在提出“三不朽”时三者是并列关系，并无高下之分；孔颖达在注疏《左传》时明显地认为立德高于立功、立言又可能在立功之下；钱穆等则认为立德较高，其余二者不分轩轾；倘若从儒家重德的立场来看，立德当属最高，立德、立言皆应受德的制约，且二者只要遵循德的制约，性质难以区分高下。“三不朽”需要一个人在生前完成，是重在现实社会与社会群体，属性是入世的；“三不朽”所谓不朽，仍有时空的限制，与所立之德、功、言的影响有关，属性是重质量的；不朽还存在一些恶的形象，“三不朽”意在鼓励积极向上的正面意义，属性是正面的。可见，“三不朽”是人人皆可企及的，是有益于社会群体的，其在中国思想文化发展中是大众追求的人文精神，也是文学艺术创作所追求的目标。
Abstract:
 In the Spring and Autumn Period, Mu Shu put forward “three immortality” including Li De (achieving morality), Li Gong (making contributions), and Li Yan (making insights), but didnt make any further explanation about it, especially the priority and the attribute, which is an existing problem for a long time. This paper studied the connotation and interconnection among the three parts through literature review and comparisons. The results show that the three parts put forward by Mu Shu are coordinative in importance at the earliest time; KONG Yingda thinks Li De is more important than LI Gong and Li Yan is less important that Li Gong in his annotation of Zuo Zhuan; QIAN Mu thinks Li De is more important than the other two. From the perspective of Confucianism, Li De is the most important and restricts the other two. “Three immortality” is to be accomplished during ones lifetime, stressing realistic society and social community, so its attribute is realistic. “Three immortality”, restricted by time and space, is related to the influence of De, Gong, Yan, so its attribute focuses on quality. Some evil images still exist in immortality and “three immortality” is meant to promote the positive significance, so its attribute is positive. Its concluded that “three immortality” can be achieved by everyone and is good to social community, which is not only the humanistic spirit pursued by the mass in the development of Chinese ideology and culture, but also the aim of literature and artistic creation.

参考文献/References:

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
董金裕（1945-），男，台湾苗栗人，名誉教授，文学博士。
更新日期/Last Update: 2017-07-11