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《长安大学学报（社科版）》[ISSN:1671-6248/CN:61-1391/C]

卷:

期数:

2025年05期

页码:

40-60

栏目:

国际经济与贸易

出版日期:

2025-10-25

文章信息/Info

Title:

U.S. “Friendshoring”: quantification, causes and countermeasures

文章编号:

1671-6248(2025)05-0040-21

作者:

余淼杰; 肖泽文; 钟雪

(辽宁大学 金融与贸易学院,辽宁 沈阳 110000)

Author(s):

YU Miaojie;  XIAO Zewen;  ZHONG Xue

(School of Finance and Trade, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China)

关键词:

美国;  “友岸外包”;  供应链;  产业政策;  外包

Keywords:

U.S.;  “friendshoring”;  supply chain;  industrial policy;  outsourcing

分类号:

F125

DOI:

-

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

为了探究美国“友岸外包”对中国的深远影响,对美国“友岸外包”的具体内涵进行阐述,从双边贸易、中间品贸易和外包规模友岸化3个方面描述其典型事实。基于FH指数构建离岸外包与“友岸外包”指标,并通过偏离度衡量友岸化程度,从而深入分析美国“友岸外包”的趋势特点与形成原因。研究认为,2013年后“友岸外包”趋势初显,2018年后加速发展; 技术密集型行业友岸化程度较高且逐步提升,非技术密集型行业较低且呈下降趋势; 服务外包友岸化水平高于制造外包,技术密集型行业友岸化差异显著大于非技术密集型行业。研究表明,中国需加强原创性、颠覆性科技创新,实现科技自立自强; 构建全国统一大市场,激发内需潜力; 推进高水平对外开放,构建规模更大、领域更广、层次更深的全面开放新格局。

Abstract:

To investigate the profound implications of U.S. “friendshoring” on China, this study elucidates the specific connotations of U.S. “friendshoring” and delineates its typical manifestations across three dimensions: bilateral trade, intermediate goods trade, and the scale of offshore outsourcing shifting toward friendly countries. Utilizing the FH index, offshore outsourcing and “friendshoring” metrics are constructed, with deviation degrees employed to quantify the extent of “friendshoring” realignment, thereby facilitating an in-depth analysis of the trend characteristics and formation causes of U.S. “friendshoring”. Findings indicate that the “friendshoring” trend began emerging after 2013 and accelerated post-2018. Technology-intensive industries exhibit higher and progressively increasing levels of “friendshoring” realignment, whereas non-technology-intensive sectors demonstrate lower levels with a declining trajectory. Service outsourcing displays a more pronounced “friendshoring” orientation than manufacturing outsourcing, with significantly greater divergence in technology-intensive industries compared to non-technology-intensive sectors. The study suggests that China must strengthen original and disruptive technological innovation to achieve scientific and technological self-reliance, establish a unified national market to unleash domestic demand potential, and advance high-standard opening-up to forge a comprehensive new pattern of broader scope, wider fields, and deeper levels.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

收稿日期:2025-08-30
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(72533005)
作者简介:余淼杰(1976-),男,广东饶平人,教授,博士研究生导师。

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-10-25