明清时期陕西的织造局与铸钱局-《长安大学学报（社科版）》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Textile Manufactory Bureau and Coin Mint Bureau of Shaanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Author(s):: LIU Jing-chun; Center of Historical Environment and Socio-Ecomomic Development in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China

Keywords:: Textile Manufactory Bureau; Coin Mint Bureau; Shaanxi; Ming and Qing Dynasties

摘要:: 明清时期陕西织造局和铸钱局的设置与生产屡有兴废，以实录等史料为基础，对陕西织造局和铸钱局进行全面论析。研究发现，明代织造局常由朝廷派“中官”前来监造，由朝廷相关部门设计“图式”，拟定不同的艺术图案，并选择技术人员从事织造，其费用一般由朝廷和陕西地方各出资一部分；明初铸钱局有“炉座”39座半，位居全国第三位，明代铸钱所用矿产原料料主要靠本地供给，清代先是本地供给，康熙以后主要靠“滇铜”供给，后者由“官商”采办，运输费用巨大；两局的开办，一定程度上满足了各自服务对象的需要，但也给陕西人民带来了沉重的负担。

Abstract:: In Ming and Qing Dynasties, Textile Manufactory Bureau and Coin Mint Bureau of Shaanxi underwent rising and falling intermittently in its setting and production. Based on historical materials like memoir, this thesis analyzed Textile Manufactory Bureau and Coin Mint Bureau of Shaanxi comprehensively. The research results show that the Textile Manufactory Bureau of Shaanxi in Ming Dynasty produces the waving products under the supervision of eunuch which is selected by the royal court, “schemata” of products are designed by relevant departments of the court, different artistic patterns are mapped out and technical personnel engaged in weaving are selected, generally, its cost is shared by both court and Shaanxi. Coin Mint Bureau boasts 39 and a half “furnaces” in early Ming Dynasty, ranking the third in the country. In Ming Dynasty, metal and other materials for coin minting mainly rely on local supply. While in Qing Dynasty, first these materials mainly rely on local supply, then turn to “Dian copper” after the period of Kangxi, which are purchased by “officials and businessmen”, costing enormous transportation fees. The launch of these two bureaus meets the needs of their each clients,while brings the Shaanxi people a heavy burden.