|本期目录/Table of Contents|

[1]邱永志,段杰.转向“白银时代”:明宣德至景泰时期的赋役折银与公私用银的发展[J].长安大学学报(社科版),2018,20(05):61-71.
 QIU Yongzhi,DUAN Jie.Transforming to “the Silver Age”: the development of the silver taxation and public and private department use of silver from Xuande to Jingtai period of Ming dynasty[J].Journal of Chang'an University(Social Science Edition),2018,20(05):61-71.
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转向“白银时代”:明宣德至景泰时期的赋役折银与公私用银的发展(PDF)
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《长安大学学报(社科版)》[ISSN:1671-6248/CN:61-1391/C]

卷:
第20卷
期数:
2018年05期
页码:
61-71
栏目:
历史学
出版日期:
2018-11-14

文章信息/Info

Title:
Transforming to “the Silver Age”: the development of the silver taxation and public and private department use of silver from Xuande to Jingtai period of Ming dynasty
文章编号:
1671-6248(2018)05-0061-11
作者:
邱永志12段杰 3
1.江西财经大学 经济学院,江西 南昌330013;2.江西财经大学 新型城镇化与农业现代化协同发展研究中心,江西 南昌330013;3.云南大学 历史与档案学院,云南 昆明650091
Author(s):
QIU Yongzhi12 DUAN Jie3
1.School of Economics,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China;2.Research Center for the Coordinated Development of New Urbanization and Agricultural Modernization,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China;3.School of History and Archives,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,Yunnan,China
关键词:
明代白银时代皂隶折银税粮折银公私用银
Keywords:
Ming dynasty the Silver Age zaoli levied silver tax grain levied silver public and private department use of silver
分类号:
F822.9
DOI:
-
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
对于明代社会是何时以及如何转向“白银时代”这个问题,学界进行了十分有益的探索,通过史料分析,对明宣德(1426~1435)至景泰(1450~1457)年间赋役折银以及公私用银问题进行系统分析和论证。近来研究表明,宣德前期的皂隶折银作为徭役折银与均徭制度改革之先导,不仅规模庞大,而且源于官僚阶层对于自身利益的追求。正统初年,源于官俸支给困难出台的南方税粮折银政策,扩大了此前的临时改折则例,为白银财政的建立提供条件。更为重要的是,正统景泰时期沟通底层白银流通与国家赋役制度折银的改革不仅进一步发展,且在更广阔范围内,由于军事供应的压力及政府的主导,白银逐步被调拨至北边边镇地区,呈现出跨越南北地区一体流通行用的局面,促进着贡赋银经济的形成。此时期的民间交易市场,白银也日益崛起,不仅从明初多种通货并行的局面下脱颖而出,且逐步占据主导地位;在财政领域,白银行用的范围不断扩展,在籴米备边、召商买粮、开中事例、赈济灾荒、俸钞禄米、商税课程等领域都显现白银的身影。公私用银的急速发展表明中国社会转向“白银时代”的趋势越发明显。
Abstract:
The academic circle has carried out very useful exploration as to when and how the Ming dynasty society transformed to “the Silver Age”. Latest studies have shown that zaoli levied silver, which being a precursor of corvee levied silver and tax reform, not only appeared in a large scale, but also resulted from the pursuit of its own interests by bureaucratic class in early Xuande period. In the early years of Zhengtong period, the policy of levied silver in the southern land taxation, which was rolled out as a result of the difficulties of distributing bureaucratic wages, expanded the previous temporary reforms and provided conditions for the establishment of silver finance system. More importantly, the reform of the communication of underlying silver circulation and the national servitude system in Jingtai period was further developed, and in a larger scope silver gradually presented a crossflow across the North and South due to the pressure of military demand and central government decision. This had promoted the formation of the tributary silver economy. During this period, silver transaction in the private market also emerged from the circumstance where various currencies existed, and gradually silver served as a main currency. In the fiscal aspect, the use of silver expanded as well, such as guarding the border, doing business, buying food, disaster relief, paying wages and taxes. The rapid development of public and private use of silver indicated a prominent trend of transforming to “the Silver Age” in Chinese society.

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相似文献/References:

[1]孙锡芳.明代陕北地区驿站交通的发展及其 对军事、经济的影响[J].长安大学学报(社科版),2010,12(04):27.
 SUN Xi-fang.Effects of northern Shaanxi dak traffic on military affairs and economy in Ming Dynasty[J].Journal of Chang'an University(Social Science Edition),2010,12(05):27.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
国家社会科学基金项目(17CZS019);江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目(LS17203)
更新日期/Last Update: 2018-11-15