|本期目录/Table of Contents|

[1]丁丁.“X人”式使感形容词的历时来源及其在西安话中的表现[J].长安大学学报(社科版),2018,20(06):87-96.
　DING Ding.Diachronic source of “Xren” adjectives and its development in Xi’an dialect[J].Journal of Chang＇an University(Social Science Edition),2018,20(06):87-96.
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《长安大学学报（社科版）》[ISSN:1671-6248/CN:61-1391/C]

卷:
第20卷
期数:
2018年06期
页码:
87-96
栏目:
长安学
出版日期:
2018-11-22

文章信息/Info

Title:
Diachronic source of “Xren” adjectives and its development in Xi’an dialect
作者:
丁丁
北京大学 中国语言文学系， 北京 100871
Author(s):
 DING Ding
Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
关键词:
语言学; “X人”; 汉语史; 西安话; 词法
Keywords:
linguistics;  “Xren”;  history of Chinese language;  Xi’an dialect;  morphology
分类号:
H141
DOI:
-
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为讨论汉语中“X人”式使感形容词的性质、历时来源，以及在西安话中的特殊表现，通过变换、插入和考察分布的方法，确定现代汉语普通话中“X人”的性质和特点，检索历史文献，采用语义分析的方法，探讨这些“X人”的历时来源和发展过程；使用对比的方法，观察西安话中的“人”读阳平和轻声时“X人”的不同用法。研究认为，普通话中的“X人”形式表示“使人感到X”，属于词法词、复合词、形容词；这种“X人”来源于汉语史上的述宾结构，该述宾结构最初表示一种具体动作，随后其语义发生“从动作到性状”的变化，表示一种抽象的性状；以西安话为代表的部分方言中，有一部分“人”产生了轻声读法，成为派生词缀，这种“X人”的语义也就从“使人感到X”转变为“主语自身感到X”。研究还认为，汉语的“X人”形式经历了“述宾结构复合词派生词”的发展过程：汉语史上的述宾结构“X人”，发展为现代汉语普通话和多数方言中都有的复合词“X人”，此时“人”读本调，表达一种“使感”的语义；这种复合词“X人”在以西安话为代表的部分方言中进一步发展，出现了“人”读轻声的派生词，表达一种“自感”的语义。
Abstract:
This study is about “Xren” adjectives in Chinese through exploring their property, diachronic source, and special expressions in Xi’an dialect. We firstly discuss the property of “Xren” adjectives in Mandarin by conversion, insertion and distribution. Then we search the historical corpus to find out the diachronic source of “Xren” adjectives, and figure out the process of their development by semantic analysis. Finally we discuss “Xren” adjectives in Xi’an dialect, comparing the “Xren2”with a rising tone of “ren” and the “Xren0” with a neutral tone of “ren”. The results are as following: firstly, “Xren” forms in Mandarin are compound words and adjectives, expressing a meaning of “making people feel X”. Secondly, these “Xren” forms evolved from the predicateobject constructions in history, which predicate particular actions at the beginning. Then their semantic meanings change from an action to a kind of quality, and turn out to describe an abstract quality. Thirdly, in Xi’an and some other dialects, “ren” can sometimes be pronounced in a neutral tone, which shows that these “ren” become derivational suffixes，and the semantic meanings of these “Xren” also change from “the subject makes people feel X” to “the subject itself feels X”. In conclusion, historical corpus and dialect materials show that“Xren” forms in Chinese have developed from predicateobject constructions to compound words, and to derivative words in some dialects. In predicateobject constructions and compound words “Xren”,“ren” is pronounced in a rising tone and “Xren” forms express a semantic meaning of “the subject makes people feel X”. While in derivative words “Xren”, “ren” is pronounced in a neutral tone and “Xren” forms express a “semantic” meaning of “the subject itself feels X”.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2019-02-25