拟声词拟态化在《诗经》中的应用研究-《长安大学学报（社科版）》

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Title:: Mimesis of onomatopoeia in the Book of Songs

作者:: 朱丹宁; 台湾政治大学中文所，台湾台北 11605

Author(s):: ZHU Dan-ning; Department of Chinese Literature,Taiwan Chengchi University,Taipei 11605,Taiwan,China

关键词:: 《诗经》; 拟声; 拟态; onomatopee; 叠词

Keywords:: “Book of Songs”; onomatopoeia; mimesis; onomatopee; reiterative

分类号:: I207.21

DOI:: -

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 《诗经》中有些叠音的拟声词，其构词单字即已可表达重叠时的词面意义。以往研究多从修辞、语法（含词汇学）的角度入手，语法方面也多注重构词问题，少有论及这类词作为onomatopee的特性，利用日语学界关于onomatopee 的研究成果，对《诗经》中拟音向拟态转变的词语进行研究。研究发现，《诗经》中部分单字或叠词常常使用于某一类情境时并不用来拟声，其固定地与另一组不视为拟声的单字或该字所构成的叠词对举，为了共同营造某种意思，此类单字或叠词的拟声性格已弱。比如“肃”与“雍”常配套使用，前者未见有拟声之说，后者常被解作拟声词；然而在配套使用的情况下，“雍”字又并非都能够解为拟声。又据这类词拟声与非拟声时的语义关联，可知这些词其实有拟音、表意两种功效，且该两种功效互相有所关联。分析可知这种词的表意或拟态出于拟音，这种由拟音而拟态的情况在现代汉语中也可见到，不少理应是拟声词者，实际使用中由此可逆推某些通常不视为拟声的词，其源头或许也是拟声。前人关于这种nomatopee 的注释分歧，有些即出自对拟音或拟态的关注侧重不同。

Abstract:: The single word formed some of the reiterative onomatopoeia in the Book of Songs can be used to express the reiterative wordmeanings. In the past, many researches mainly focus on rhetoric and grammar (lexeriology), and pay more attention to word formation in terms of grammar. They rarely talk about the characteristics of the single word as onomatopoee. This paper used the research results of onomatopee in Japanese academia to study the words transferring from onomatopoeia to mimesis in the Book of Songs. The results show that some single words or reiterative words in the Book of Songs are not used for onomatopoeia when they are often used in a certain type of context. They are fixedly linked with another group of single words that are not considered to be onomatopoetic or reiterative words formed by the single word, in order to jointly create a certain meaning. The onomatopoetic characters of such single words or reiterative words have been weak, such as “Su” and “Yong” often assort with each other. The former does not have onomatopoetic character; the latter is often interpreted as onomatopoeia. However, in the case of supporting use, not all the “Yong” can be interpreted as onomatopoeia. According to the semantic association of such words between onomatopoeia and nononomatopoeia, these words actually have two functions, involving onomatopoeia and meaning expression. And the two functions are related to each other. It can be analyzed that the meaning expression and mimesis of this kind of word proceed from onomatopoeia. This situation from onomatopoeia to mimesis can be seen in modern Chinese. Many of the words are supposed to be onomatopoeic ones. In actual use, some words are usually not considered to be onomatopoetic may have its onomatopoetic origin. Some of the previous disagreements about nomatopee are because of different focusing ononomatopoeia and mimesis.

《长安大学学报（社科版）》[ISSN:1671-6248/CN:61-1391/C]

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