老子的社会理想及其历史嬗变-《长安大学学报（社科版）》

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: YANG Xuan-de; School of Humanities, Xidian Universtiy, Xi’an 710071, Shaanxi, China

Keywords:: social ideal; cultural dissimilation; recluse path; LAO Zi; ZHUANG Zi

摘要:: 以老子“复根”、“玄鉴”的思想方法，解读老子的“小国寡民”和庄子的“至德之世”的社会理想及其嬗变的思想根源。老庄以至真、至纯的初民社会为镜鉴，批判和反思现实社会的战乱、压迫和文化异化、文化工具化倾向，其反思精神和批判精神对中国文化产生了深刻的影响。魏晋时期的知识分子继承了老庄的社会理想，反对政治和文化专制，“越名教而任自然”，由救世转向救心，由救人转向自救，由彼岸转向现实此岸，追求逍遥自在的人生，放情于山水之间，开辟了中国知识分子的仕隐道路，对中国古代隐者文化的形成产生了深刻影响；他们以老庄至纯、至朴、至真的理想社会为镜鉴，反思社会文化，促成了魏晋人性觉醒的社会思潮，对现代社会文化的发展具有深刻的借鉴作用。

Abstract:: Based on LAO Zi’s thought of Fu Gen root and Xuan Jian, this paper interprets the social ideals of LAO Zi’s small state with few people and ZHUANG Zi’s world of supreme morality and explores the ideological root for the evolution. Mirrored by the truly pure primitive society, LAO Zi and ZHUANG Zi criticized and reflected such problems in society as war, oppression, cultural dissimilation, and tool inclination of culture. Their retrospection and criticism have a profound influence on Chinese culture. Intellectuals in Wei-Jin period inherited LAO Zi’s and ZHUANG Zi’s social ideal and opposed autocratic politics and culture.They followed the theory of natural beauty beyond Confuicianism. Their thoughts also changed, from world salvation into heart salvation, from saving people into self saving, from the other shore into temporality. What’s more, they pursuited the freedom of life and reveled in the landscapes. What they had done opened a new recluse path for Chinese intellectuals and had a profound influence on the formation of the hermit culture in ancient China. On the other hand, taking LAO Zi’s pure, simple, and ture ideal society as a mirror, they rethought social culture to promote the social trend of the awakening of human nature, which has a profound reference for the development of modern society and culture.