In order to have a scientific understanding and proper evaluation for the influence of reform of fuel tariff rate on the further development of China's highway transportation, this paper discusses the significance of the reform from three ways:evaluation on road maintenance fee, mode of economic development and coordinate development in both rural and urban areas. The author believes that the good chance of the further development in transport is from:restricting overload transportation, administering the present traffic disorder, regulating the present investment structure of highway construction and optimizing toll-road structure. The author also finds that deepening the management system, exploring new money-raising mechanism and property channeling the existing staffs in their present positions have become challenges.