|Table of Contents|

U.S. “Friendshoring”: quantification, causes and countermeasures(PDF)

《长安大学学报（社科版）》[ISSN:1671-6248/CN:61-1391/C]

Issue:
2025年05期
Page:
40-60
Research Field:
国际经济与贸易
Publishing date:
2025-10-25

Info

Title:
U.S. “Friendshoring”: quantification, causes and countermeasures
Author(s):
YU Miaojie;  XIAO Zewen;  ZHONG Xue
(School of Finance and Trade, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China)
Keywords:
U.S.;  “friendshoring”;  supply chain;  industrial policy;  outsourcing
PACS:
F125
DOI:
-
Abstract:
To investigate the profound implications of U.S. “friendshoring” on China, this study elucidates the specific connotations of U.S. “friendshoring” and delineates its typical manifestations across three dimensions: bilateral trade, intermediate goods trade, and the scale of offshore outsourcing shifting toward friendly countries. Utilizing the FH index, offshore outsourcing and “friendshoring” metrics are constructed, with deviation degrees employed to quantify the extent of “friendshoring” realignment, thereby facilitating an in-depth analysis of the trend characteristics and formation causes of U.S. “friendshoring”. Findings indicate that the “friendshoring” trend began emerging after 2013 and accelerated post-2018. Technology-intensive industries exhibit higher and progressively increasing levels of “friendshoring” realignment, whereas non-technology-intensive sectors demonstrate lower levels with a declining trajectory. Service outsourcing displays a more pronounced “friendshoring” orientation than manufacturing outsourcing, with significantly greater divergence in technology-intensive industries compared to non-technology-intensive sectors. The study suggests that China must strengthen original and disruptive technological innovation to achieve scientific and technological self-reliance, establish a unified national market to unleash domestic demand potential, and advance high-standard opening-up to forge a comprehensive new pattern of broader scope, wider fields, and deeper levels.

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Last Update: 2025-10-25